Neck Dissection Surgery - Ozan Seymen Sezen

Neck Dissection Surgery Diagnosis and Treatment

Neck Dissection Surgery: The neck is a key junction for the spread of head and neck cancers. Due to the rich lymphatic system, cancer cells can first spread to the cervical lymph nodes. In such cases, neck dissection surgery may be necessary to control the cancer and prevent further spread. Neck dissection is a critical surgical step in the treatment of head and neck cancers and, when performed correctly, has a significant impact on patient survival.

ENT specialist Prof. Dr. Ozan Seymen, practicing at his own clinic in Istanbul, successfully performs neck dissections using modern techniques and individualized approaches.

In this article, we will comprehensively address all questions such as what neck dissection surgery is, who it is indicated for, how it is performed, what risks it carries, and how the postoperative process progresses.

What Is Neck Dissection Surgery?

Neck dissection surgery is the surgical removal of some or all lymph nodes in the head and neck region. This surgery is typically performed for head and neck cancers, especially those of the mouth, tongue, larynx, salivary glands, thyroid, and skin.

Neck dissection is done to achieve regional control of the cancer, prevent spread to distant organs, and accurately stage the disease. The technique used varies based on the number and location of lymph nodes to be removed.

When Is Neck Dissection Surgery Performed?

Neck dissection surgery is indicated in the following scenarios for head and neck cancers:

If lymph node metastasis is detected: When lymph nodes in the neck are confirmed to contain cancer cells.
If suspicious lymph nodes are present: When imaging or physical exam reveals abnormally enlarged lymph nodes.
Prophylactically: In certain tumors, preventive surgery is done on high-risk patients even before nodal metastasis occurs.
For recurrent disease: In patients previously treated who develop new tumors in the neck.

Prof. Dr. Ozan Seymen evaluates patients comprehensively and determines the need for neck dissection according to scientific criteria.

Types of Neck Dissection Surgery

Neck dissection can be performed using different techniques. The type of surgery depends on the lymph node groups to be removed, the cancer type, and the extent of spread:

Radical neck dissection: Removal of all lymph nodes on one side of the neck along with the sternocleidomastoid muscle, internal jugular vein, and spinal accessory nerve. It is an extensive procedure.
Modified radical neck dissection: Lymph nodes in the same regions are removed, but certain anatomical structures (e.g., nerves or muscles) are preserved.
Selective neck dissection: Only the lymph node groups expected to be involved are removed. It is more limited.
Super-selective neck dissection: A minimal approach in very early-stage disease with highly limited nodal involvement.

Prof. Dr. Ozan Seymen selects and performs the most appropriate type of neck dissection for each patient based on the tumor characteristics.

How Is Neck Dissection Surgery Performed?

Neck dissection surgery is performed under general anesthesia. The procedure includes:

An incision is made on the skin following aesthetic principles.
The lymph nodes and surrounding structures are carefully dissected.
The lymph nodes to be removed are excised with their anatomical boundaries.
Important structures such as nerves, vessels, and muscles are preserved when possible.
Bleeding is controlled and a drain is placed.
The skin is closed with aesthetic suturing.
The surgery duration ranges from 2 to 6 hours, depending on the extent of dissection.

During the dissection, Prof. Dr. Ozan Seymen ensures oncologic success while meticulously preserving the patient’s function.

Postoperative Recovery Process

Recovery after neck dissection varies according to the surgical extent and the patient’s overall health. Patients typically stay in the hospital for 2–5 days postoperatively.

Key aspects of recovery include:

Drain management: The drain prevents fluid accumulation and is usually removed after a few days.
Pain control: Mild to moderate pain is expected and managed with appropriate medications.
Neck mobility: Movement may be limited initially, especially after extensive dissection, but improves over time.
Swelling and sensory changes: Temporary swelling and altered skin sensation may occur.
Wound care: Proper hygiene and dressing changes per the doctor’s instructions are essential.

Prof. Dr. Ozan Seymen provides personalized postoperative care protocols to ensure a comfortable and safe recovery.

Risks and Complications of Neck Dissection Surgery

As with any surgery, neck dissection carries potential risks and complications, which are minimized in experienced hands.

Possible risks and complications:

Bleeding: Can occur during or after surgery.
Infection: May develop at the wound site.
Nerve injury: The spinal accessory, hypoglossal, or facial nerves may be affected, leading to shoulder droop, speech, or swallowing difficulties.
Lymphedema: Fluid accumulation can cause neck swelling.
Scarring: A visible scar may form, though aesthetic techniques help minimize it.

Prof. Dr. Ozan Seymen takes utmost care to protect anatomical structures and minimize complications.

Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation After Neck Dissection

Some patients may experience limited neck and shoulder movement, muscle weakness, or postural issues after surgery. Therefore, physiotherapy and rehabilitation are crucial.

Goals of physiotherapy:

Increase neck and shoulder range of motion
Restore muscle strength
Accelerate return to daily activities
Prevent postural deformities
Reduce pain

Rehabilitation usually begins a few weeks after surgery and is tailored to each patient’s needs.

Prof. Dr. Ozan Seymen coordinates postoperative rehabilitation with physical therapy specialists to achieve full functional recovery.

When Can I Return to My Normal Life After Neck Dissection?

Most patients can resume daily activities within 2–4 weeks, but should avoid strenuous physical activities for a few months.

Will I Have Permanent Numbness After Surgery?

Some patients may experience temporary numbness, which usually resolves within months, though permanent changes are rare.

Will My Speech or Swallowing Be Affected?

Extensive dissection can cause temporary swallowing difficulty or voice changes, but most patients fully recover over time.

Will the Surgical Scar Be Noticeable?

Incisions are placed parallel to natural neck creases, so scars become less noticeable over time.

Does Neck Dissection Completely Eliminate Cancer?

Neck dissection controls regional disease. Its success also depends on primary tumor treatment and disease stage. Regular follow-up is essential.

Neck dissection surgery is a vital procedure in the effective treatment of head and neck cancers. A successful dissection controls the disease, improves survival rates, and helps preserve quality of life. Early diagnosis, accurate staging, and surgery performed by an experienced surgeon are key to success.

ENT specialist Prof. Dr. Ozan Seymen, practicing in Istanbul, achieves high success rates in neck dissection through evidence-based approaches, surgical expertise, and individualized patient management.

If you notice a suspicious mass in your neck or would like more information on head and neck cancer treatment, contact Prof. Dr. Ozan Seymen to learn about a detailed evaluation and effective treatment options.